Understanding Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Dunedin

What is Cancer?
Cancer is a complex disease that occurs when cells in the body grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts. These abnormal cells can form tumors or affect the blood and lymphatic systems. There are many types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and leukemia.

Causes of Cancer
Cancer can develop due to several factors, including:

• Genetic Mutations – Changes in DNA can trigger uncontrolled cell growth.


• Lifestyle Choices – Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor diet increase cancer risks.


• Environmental Factors – Exposure to radiation, toxins, and pollutants can lead to cancer.


• Infections – Certain viruses, such as HPV and hepatitis B, are linked to specific cancers.

Common Symptoms of Cancer
While symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer, some common signs include:

• Unexplained weight loss


• Persistent fatigue


• Lumps or swelling


• Changes in skin appearance


• Persistent cough or difficulty swallowing

Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Early detection significantly improves cancer survival rates. Diagnosis involves medical imaging, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the cancer type and stage and may include:

• Surgery – Removing tumors surgically


• Chemotherapy – Using drugs to kill cancer cells


• Radiation Therapy – Targeting cancer cells with high-energy rays


• Targeted Therapy – Using medications that attack specific cancer cells

Preventing Cancer
While some risk factors are unavoidable, you can reduce your cancer risk by:

• Exercising regularly


• Avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption


• Protecting yourself from the sun


• Getting vaccinated against cancer-related infections

Conclusion

Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases globally, but advancements in medical research offer hope. Early detection, healthy lifestyle choices, and innovative treatments can help manage and even prevent cancer. If you experience any unusual symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for early diagnosis and intervention.

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                  Dunedin 9010, New Zealand

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